C基础语法梳理数据结构丨顺序结构
顺序栈(Sequence Stack)
SqStack.cpp: /** * @author huihut * @E-mail:huihut@outlook.com * @version 创建时间:2016年9月9日 * 说明:本程序实现了一个顺序栈。 * 功能:有初始化、销毁、判断空、清空、入栈、出栈、取元素的操作。 */ #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "malloc.h" //5个常量定义 #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define OK 1 #define ERROR 0 #define OVERFLOW -1 //测试程序长度定义 #define LONGTH 5 //类型定义 typedef int Status; typedef int ElemType; //顺序栈的类型 typedef struct { ElemType *elem; int top; int size; int increment; } SqSrack; //初始化顺序栈 Status InitStack_Sq(SqSrack &S, int size, int inc) { S.elem = (ElemType *)malloc(size * sizeof(ElemType)); if (NULL == S.elem) return OVERFLOW; S.top = 0; S.size = size; S.increment = inc; return OK; } //销毁顺序栈 Status DestroyStack_Sq(SqSrack &S) { free(S.elem); S.elem = NULL; return OK; } //判断S是否空,若空则返回TRUE,否则返回FALSE Status StackEmpty_Sq(SqSrack S) { if (0 == S.top) return TRUE; return FALSE; } //清空栈S void ClearStack_Sq(SqSrack &S) { if (0 == S.top) return; S.size = 0; S.top = 0; } //元素e压入栈S Status Push_Sq(SqSrack &S, ElemType e) { ElemType *newbase; if (S.top >= S.size) { newbase = (ElemType *)realloc(S.elem, (S.size + S.increment) * sizeof(ElemType)); if (NULL == newbase) return OVERFLOW; S.elem = newbase; S.size += S.increment; } S.elem[S.top++] = e; return OK; } //取栈S的栈顶元素,并用e返回 Status GetTop_Sq(SqSrack S, ElemType &e) { if (0 == S.top) return ERROR; e = S.elem[S.top - 1]; return e; } //栈S的栈顶元素出栈,并用e返回 Status Pop_Sq(SqSrack &S, ElemType &e) { if (0 == S.top) return ERROR; e = S.elem[S.top - 1]; S.top--; return e; } int main() { //定义栈S SqSrack S; //定义测量值 int size, increment, i; //初始化测试值 size = LONGTH; increment = LONGTH; ElemType e, eArray[LONGTH] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; //显示测试值 printf("---【顺序栈】--- "); printf("栈S的size为:%d 栈S的increment为:%d ", size, increment); printf("待测试元素为: "); for (i = 0; i < LONGTH; i++) { printf("%d ", eArray[i]); } printf(" "); //初始化顺序栈 if (!InitStack_Sq(S, size, increment)) { printf("初始化顺序栈失败 "); exit(0); } printf("已初始化顺序栈 "); //入栈 for (i = 0; i < S.size; i++) { if (!Push_Sq(S, eArray[i])) { printf("%d入栈失败 ", eArray[i]); exit(0); } } printf("已入栈 "); //判断非空 if (StackEmpty_Sq(S)) printf("S栈为空 "); else printf("S栈非空 "); //取栈S的栈顶元素 printf("栈S的栈顶元素为: "); printf("%d ", GetTop_Sq(S, e)); //栈S元素出栈 printf("栈S元素出栈为: "); for (i = 0, e = 0; i < S.size; i++) { printf("%d ", Pop_Sq(S, e)); } printf(" "); //清空栈S ClearStack_Sq(S); printf("已清空栈S "); getchar(); return 0; }
顺序栈数据结构和图片 typedef struct { ElemType *elem; int top; int size; int increment; } SqStack;
队列(Sequence Queue)
队列数据结构 typedef struct { ElemType * elem; int front; int rear; int maxSize; }SqQueue;
非循环队列
非循环队列图片
SqQueue.rear++
循环队列
循环队列图片
SqQueue.rear = (SqQueue.rear + 1) % SqQueue.maxSize顺序表(Sequence List)
SqList.cpp: /** * @author huihut * @E-mail:huihut@outlook.com * @version 创建时间:2016年9月9日 * 说明:本程序实现了一个顺序表。 */ #include "stdio.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "malloc.h" //5个常量定义 #define TRUE 1 #define FALSE 0 #define OK 1 #define ERROR 0 #define OVERFLOW -1 //测试程序长度定义 #define LONGTH 5 //类型定义 typedef int Status; typedef int ElemType; //顺序栈的类型 typedef struct { ElemType *elem; int length; int size; int increment; } SqList; //初始化顺序表L Status InitList_Sq(SqList &L, int size, int inc) { L.elem = (ElemType *)malloc(size * sizeof(ElemType)); if (NULL == L.elem) return OVERFLOW; L.length = 0; L.size = size; L.increment = inc; return OK; } //销毁顺序表L Status DestroyList_Sq(SqList &L) { free(L.elem); L.elem = NULL; return OK; } //将顺序表L清空 Status ClearList_Sq(SqList &L) { if (0 != L.length) L.length = 0; return OK; } //若顺序表L为空表,则返回TRUE,否则FALSE Status ListEmpty_Sq(SqList L) { if (0 == L.length) return TRUE; return FALSE; } //返回顺序表L中元素个数 int ListLength_Sq(SqList L) { return L.length; } // 用e返回顺序表L中第i个元素的值 Status GetElem_Sq(SqList L, int i, ElemType &e) { e = L.elem[--i]; return OK; } // 在顺序表L顺序查找元素e,成功时返回该元素在表中第一次出现的位置,否则返回 - 1 int Search_Sq(SqList L, ElemType e) { int i = 0; while (i < L.length && L.elem[i] != e) i++; if (i < L.length) return i; else return -1; } //遍历调用 Status visit(ElemType e) { printf("%d ", e); return OK; } //遍历顺序表L,依次对每个元素调用函数visit() Status ListTraverse_Sq(SqList L, Status(*visit)(ElemType e)) { if (0 == L.length) return ERROR; for (int i = 0; i < L.length; i++) { visit(L.elem[i]); } return OK; } //将顺序表L中第i个元素赋值为e Status PutElem_Sq(SqList &L, int i, ElemType e) { if (i > L.length) return ERROR; e = L.elem[--i]; return OK; } //在顺序表L表尾添加元素e Status Append_Sq(SqList &L, ElemType e) { if (L.length >= L.size) return ERROR; L.elem[L.length] = e; L.length++; return OK; } //删除顺序表L的表尾元素,并用参数e返回其值 Status DeleteLast_Sq(SqList &L, ElemType &e) { if (0 == L.length) return ERROR; e = L.elem[L.length - 1]; L.length--; return OK; } int main() { //定义表L SqList L; //定义测量值 int size, increment, i; //初始化测试值 size = LONGTH; increment = LONGTH; ElemType e, eArray[LONGTH] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; //显示测试值 printf("---【顺序栈】--- "); printf("表L的size为:%d 表L的increment为:%d ", size, increment); printf("待测试元素为: "); for (i = 0; i < LONGTH; i++) { printf("%d ", eArray[i]); } printf(" "); //初始化顺序表 if (!InitList_Sq(L, size, increment)) { printf("初始化顺序表失败 "); exit(0); } printf("已初始化顺序表 "); //判空 if (TRUE == ListEmpty_Sq(L)) printf("此表为空表 "); else printf("此表不是空表 "); //入表 printf("将待测元素入表: "); for (i = 0; i < LONGTH; i++) { if (ERROR == Append_Sq(L, eArray[i])) printf("入表失败 ");; } printf("入表成功 "); //遍历顺序表L printf("此时表内元素为: "); ListTraverse_Sq(L, visit); //出表 printf(" 将表尾元素入表到e: "); if (ERROR == DeleteLast_Sq(L, e)) printf("出表失败 "); printf("出表成功 出表元素为%d ", e); //遍历顺序表L printf("此时表内元素为: "); ListTraverse_Sq(L, visit); //销毁顺序表 printf(" 销毁顺序表 "); if (OK == DestroyList_Sq(L)) printf("销毁成功 "); else printf("销毁失败 "); getchar(); return 0; }
顺序表数据结构和图片 typedef struct { ElemType *elem; int length; int size; int increment; } SqList;
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