17个实用shell脚本，建议收藏

　　1、服务器系统配置初始化#/bin/bash # 安装系统性能分析工具及其他 yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat iftop iotp wget lrzsz lsof unzip openssh-clients net-tool vim ntpdate -y # 设置时区并同步时间 ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime if ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then     (echo ＂* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1＂;crontab -l) |crontab  fi   # 禁用selinux sed -i ＂/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}＂ /etc/selinux/config   # 关闭防火墙 if egrep ＂7.[0-9]＂ /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then     systemctl stop firewalld     systemctl disable firewalld elif egrep ＂6.[0-9]＂ /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then     service iptables stop     chkconfig iptables off fi   # 历史命令显示操作时间 if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then     echo ＂export HISTTIMEFORMAT=＂%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S  `whoami` ＂＂ >> /etc/bashrc fi   # SSH超时时间 if ! grep ＂TMOUT=600＂ /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then     echo ＂export TMOUT=600＂ >> /etc/profile fi   # 禁止root远程登录 切记给系统添加普通用户，给su到root的权限 sed -i ＂s/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/＂ /etc/ssh/sshd_config   # 禁止定时任务向发送邮件 sed -i ＂s/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=＂＂/＂ /etc/crontab    # 设置最大打开文件数 if ! grep ＂* soft nofile 65535＂ /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF     * soft nofile 65535     * hard nofile 65535 EOF fi   # 系统内核优化 cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOF net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20   EOF   # 减少SWAP使用 echo ＂0＂ > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 2、批量创建多个用户并设置密码#!/bin/bash USER_LIST=$@ USER_FILE=./user.info for USER in $USER_LIST;do  if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then   PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)   useradd $USER   echo $PASS | passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null   echo ＂$USER   $PASS＂ >> $USER_FILE   echo ＂$USER User create successful.＂  else   echo ＂$USER User already exists!＂  fi done 3、一键查看服务器利用率#!/bin/bash function cpu(){    util=$(vmstat | awk ＂{if(NR==3)print $13+$14}＂)  iowait=$(vmstat | awk ＂{if(NR==3)print $16}＂)  echo ＂CPU -使用率：${util}% ,等待磁盘IO相应使用率：${iowait}:${iowait}%＂   } function memory (){    total=`free -m |awk ＂{if(NR==2)printf ＂%.1f＂,$2/1024}＂`     used=`free -m |awk ＂{if(NR==2) printf ＂%.1f＂,($2-$NF)/1024}＂`     available=`free -m |awk ＂{if(NR==2) printf ＂%.1f＂,$NF/1024}＂`     echo ＂内存 - 总大小: ${total}G , 使用: ${used}G , 剩余: ${available}G＂ } disk(){    fs=$(df -h |awk ＂/^/dev/{print $1}＂)     for p in $fs; do         mounted=$(df -h |awk ＂$1==＂＂$p＂＂{print $NF}＂)         size=$(df -h |awk ＂$1==＂＂$p＂＂{print $2}＂)         used=$(df -h |awk ＂$1==＂＂$p＂＂{print $3}＂)         used_percent=$(df -h |awk ＂$1==＂＂$p＂＂{print $5}＂)         echo ＂硬盘 - 挂载点: $mounted , 总大小: $size , 使用: $used , 使用率: $used_percent＂     done   } function tcp_status() {     summary=$(ss -antp |awk ＂{status[$1]++}END{for(i in status) printf i＂:＂status[i]＂ ＂}＂)     echo ＂TCP连接状态 - $summary＂ } cpu memory disk tcp_status 4、找出占用CPU 内存过高的进程#!/bin/bash echo ＂-------------------CUP占用前10排序--------------------------------＂ ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pcpu  |head -n 10 echo ＂-------------------内存占用前10排序--------------------------------＂ ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pmem  |head -n 10 5、查看网卡的实时流量#!/bin/bash eth0=$1 echo  -e    ＂流量进入--流量传出    ＂ while true; do  old_in=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk ＂{print $2}＂)  old_out=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk ＂{print $10}＂)  sleep 1  new_in=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk ＂{print $2}＂)  new_out=$(cat /proc/net/dev |grep $eth0 |awk ＂{print $10}＂)  in=$(printf ＂%.1f%s＂ ＂$((($new_in-$old_in)/1024))＂ ＂KB/s＂)  out=$(printf ＂%.1f%s＂ ＂$((($new_out-$old_out)/1024))＂ ＂KB/s＂)  echo ＂$in $out＂ done 6、监控多台服务器磁盘利用率脚本#!/bin/bash HOST_INFO=host.info for IP in $(awk ＂/^[^#]/{print $1}＂ $HOST_INFO); do  #取出用户名和端口     USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP ＂ip==$1{print $2}＂ $HOST_INFO)     PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP ＂ip==$1{print $3}＂ $HOST_INFO)  #创建临时文件，保存信息     TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp  #通过公钥登录获取主机磁盘信息     ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP ＂df -h＂ > $TMP_FILE  #分析磁盘占用空间     USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk ＂BEGIN{OFS=＂=＂}/^/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}＂ $TMP_FILE)  #循环磁盘列表，进行判断     for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do   #取出等号（=）右边的值 挂载点名称         PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}     #取出等号（=）左边的值  磁盘利用率         USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}   #进行判断         if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then             echo ＂Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!＂     echo ＂服务器$IP的磁盘空间占用过高，请及时处理＂ | mail -s ＂空间不足警告＂ 你的qq@qq.com   else    echo ＂服务器$IP的$PART_NAME目录空间良好＂         fi     done done 7、批量检测网站是否异常并邮件通知#!/bin/bash   URL_LIST=＂www.baidu.com www.ctnrs.com www.der-matech.net.cn www.der-matech.com.cn www.der-matech.cn www.der-matech.top www.der-matech.org＂ for URL in $URL_LIST; do     FAIL_COUNT=0     for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do         HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w ＂%{http_code}＂ $URL)         if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then             echo ＂$URL OK＂             break         else             echo ＂$URL retry $FAIL_COUNT＂             let FAIL_COUNT++         fi     done     if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then         echo ＂Warning: $URL Access failure!＂   echo ＂网站$URL坏掉，请及时处理＂ | mail -s ＂$URL网站高危＂ 1794748404@qq.com     fi done 8、批量主机远程执行命令脚本#!/bin/bash COMMAND=$* HOST_INFO=host.info for IP in $(awk ＂/^[^#]/{print $1}＂ $HOST_INFO); do     USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP ＂ip==$1{print $2}＂ $HOST_INFO)     PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP ＂ip==$1{print $3}＂ $HOST_INFO)     PASS=$(awk -v ip=$IP ＂ip==$1{print $4}＂ $HOST_INFO)     expect -c ＂        spawn ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP        expect {           ＂(yes/no)＂ {send ＂yesr＂; exp_continue}           ＂password:＂ {send ＂$PASSr＂; exp_continue}           ＂$USER@*＂ {send ＂$COMMANDr exitr＂; exp_continue}        }     ＂     echo ＂-------------------＂ done 9、一键部署LNMP网站平台脚本#!/bin/bash NGINX_V=1.15.6 PHP_V=5.6.36 TMP_DIR=/tmp   INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local   PWD_C=$PWD   echo echo -e ＂	Menu ＂ echo -e ＂1. Install Nginx＂ echo -e ＂2. Install PHP＂ echo -e ＂3. Install MySQL＂ echo -e ＂4. Deploy LNMP＂ echo -e ＂9. Quit＂   function command_status_check() {  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then   echo $1   exit  fi  }   function install_nginx() {     cd $TMP_DIR     yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel wget     wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz     tar zxf nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz     cd nginx-${NGINX_V}     ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/nginx      --with-http_ssl_module      --with-http_stub_status_module      --with-stream     command_status_check ＂Nginx - 平台环境检查失败！＂     make -j 4      command_status_check ＂Nginx - 编译失败！＂     make install     command_status_check ＂Nginx - 安装失败！＂     mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf/vhost     alias cp=cp ; cp -rf $PWD_C/nginx.conf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf     rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/*     echo ＂ok＂ > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.html     echo ＂<?php echo ＂ok＂?>＂ > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.php     $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/sbin/nginx     command_status_check ＂Nginx - 启动失败！＂ }   function install_php() {  cd $TMP_DIR     yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel          libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel          libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel     wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz     tar zxf php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz     cd php-${PHP_V}     ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/php      --with-config-file-path=$INSTALL_DIR/php/etc      --enable-fpm --enable-opcache      --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql      --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd      --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir      --enable-mbstring --enable-hash     command_status_check ＂PHP - 平台环境检查失败！＂     make -j 4      command_status_check ＂PHP - 编译失败！＂     make install     command_status_check ＂PHP - 安装失败！＂     cp php.ini-production $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php.ini     cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php-fpm.conf     cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm     chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm     /etc/init.d/php-fpm start     command_status_check ＂PHP - 启动失败！＂ }   read -p ＂请输入编号：＂ number case $number in     1)         install_nginx;;     2)         install_php;;     3)         install_mysql;;     4)         install_nginx         install_php         ;;     9)         exit;; esac 10、监控MySQL主从同步状态是否异常脚本#!/bin/bash   HOST=localhost USER=root PASSWD=123.com IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e ＂show slave statusG＂ 2>/dev/null |awk ＂/Slave_.*_Running:/{print $1$2}＂) for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do     THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}     THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}     if [ ＂$THREAD_STATUS＂ != ＂Yes＂ ]; then         echo ＂Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!＂ |mail -s ＂Master-Slave Staus＂ xxx@163.com     fi done 11、MySql数据库备份脚本分库备份mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -B A > A.sql #!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S) HOST=localhost USER=backup PASS=123.com BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e ＂show databases;＂ 2>/dev/null |egrep -v ＂Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys＂)   for DB in $DB_LIST; do     BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql     if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then         echo ＂$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!＂     fi done 分表备份mysqldump -uroot -pxxx -A t > t.sql #!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S) HOST=localhost USER=backup PASS=123.com BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup DB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e ＂show databases;＂ 2>/dev/null |egrep -v ＂Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys＂)   for DB in $DB_LIST; do     BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}     [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null     TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e ＂use $DB;show tables;＂ 2>/dev/null)     for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do         BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql          if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then             echo ＂$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!＂         fi     done done 12、Nginx访问日志分析#!/bin/bash # 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ＂$request＂ $status $body_bytes_sent ＂$http_referer＂ ＂$http_user_agent＂ ＂$http_x_forwarded_for＂ LOG_FILE=$1 echo ＂统计访问最多的10个IP＂ awk ＂{a[$1]++}END{print ＂UV:＂,length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}＂ $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10 echo ＂----------------------＂   echo ＂统计时间段访问最多的IP＂ awk ＂$4>=＂[01/Dec/2018:13:20:25＂ && $4<=＂[27/Nov/2018:16:20:49＂{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}＂ $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10 echo ＂----------------------＂   echo ＂统计访问最多的10个页面＂ awk ＂{a[$7]++}END{print ＂PV:＂,length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}＂ $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr echo ＂----------------------＂   echo ＂统计访问页面状态码数量＂ awk ＂{a[$7＂ ＂$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}＂ $LOG_FILE |sort -k3 -nr 13、Nginx访问日志自动按天（周、月）切割#!/bin/bash #nginx日志目录 LOG_DIR=/www/server/nginx/logs #获取到上一天的时间 YESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d ＂yesterday＂ +%F) #归档日志取时间 LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +＂%Y-%m＂) #归档日志的名称 LOG_FILE_LIST=＂access.log＂   for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do     [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR     mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME} done   kill -USR1 $(cat $LOG_DIR/nginx.pid) 14、自动发布Java项目（Tomcat）#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%F_%T)   TOMCAT_NAME=$1 TOMCAT_DIR=/usr/local/$TOMCAT_NAME ROOT=$TOMCAT_DIR/webapps/ROOT   BACKUP_DIR=/data/backup WORK_DIR=/tmp PROJECT_NAME=tomcat-java-demo   # 拉取代码 cd $WORK_DIR if [ ! -d $PROJECT_NAME ]; then    git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/tomcat-java-demo    cd $PROJECT_NAME else    cd $PROJECT_NAME    git pull fi   # 构建 mvn clean package -Dmaven.test.skip=true if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then    echo ＂maven build failure!＂    exit 1 fi   # 部署 TOMCAT_PID=$(ps -ef |grep ＂$TOMCAT_NAME＂ |egrep -v ＂grep|$＂ |awk ＂NR==1{print $2}＂) [ -n ＂$TOMCAT_PID＂ ] && kill -9 $TOMCAT_PID [ -d $ROOT ] && mv $ROOT $BACKUP_DIR/${TOMCAT_NAME}_ROOT$DATE unzip $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/target/*.war -d $ROOT $TOMCAT_DIR/bin/startup.sh 15、自动发布PHP项目#!/bin/bash   DATE=$(date +%F_%T)   WWWROOT=/usr/local/nginx/html/$1     BACKUP_DIR=/data/backup WORK_DIR=/tmp PROJECT_NAME=php-demo     # 拉取代码 cd $WORK_DIR if [ ! -d $PROJECT_NAME ]; then    git clone https://github.com/lizhenliang/php-demo    cd $PROJECT_NAME else    cd $PROJECT_NAME    git pull fi     # 部署 if [ ! -d $WWWROOT ]; then    mkdir -p $WWWROOT    rsync -avz --exclude=.git $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/* $WWWROOT else    rsync -avz --exclude=.git $WORK_DIR/$PROJECT_NAME/* $WWWROOT fi 16、DOS攻击防范（自动屏蔽攻击IP）#!/bin/bash DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M) #nginx日志 LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.log #分析ip的访问情况 ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk ＂{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}＂) for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do     if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c ＂$IP＂) -eq 0 ]; then         iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP         echo ＂$(date +＂%F_%T＂) $IP＂ >> /tmp/drop_ip.log     fi done 17、目录入侵检测与告警#!/bin/bash   MON_DIR=/opt inotifywait -mqr --format %f -e create $MON_DIR | while read files; do    #同步文件    rsync -avz /opt /tmp/opt   #检测文件是否被修改    #echo ＂$(date +＂%F %T＂) create $files＂ | mail -s ＂dir monitor＂ xxx@163.com done