每日外刊太空电梯并没有你想象的那么科幻
背景知识
太空电梯是70年代的幻想,在前几年的天文学界和科学界有着这么一个说法。
最早提出太空电梯设想的是俄罗斯火箭科学家齐奥尔科夫斯基,他设想在地球静止轨道上建设一个太空站,和地面用一根缆绳连接,就是太空电梯的原型。不过有人提出了新的想法,Arxiv网站上一篇论文声称,新的太空电梯的技术是可行的。
正文阅读
Space Elevators Are Less Sci-Fi Than You Think
太空电梯并没有你想象的那么科幻
Space elevators are often dismissed as a science fiction dream, but I believe they will exist soon—perhaps in two or three decades. Throughout my career as an aerospace engineer and physics professor, I keep coming back to the concept of a cable stretching from Earth to space, along which people and cargo can easily travel. In recent years I and other researchers have found new ways to tinker with designs and answer questions about how space elevators could work.
太空电梯通常被认为是科幻小说中的梦想,但我相信它们很快就会存在——也许在二三十年后。在我作为航空航天工程师和物理学教授的整个职业生涯中,我一直在回想从地球到太空的电缆的概念,人和货物可以很容易地沿着它旅行。近年来,我和其他研究人员发现了改进设计的新方法,并回答了关于太空电梯如何工作的问题。
There are many reasons to build a space elevator. The obvious one is the major energy and cost savings; it’s a much more practical way to get to orbit than rockets. Another reason that is often overlooked is accessibility. The word "space mission" would be replaced by "transit," as trips to space become routine and mostly independent of weather conditions. Transits involving humans would be safer than current practices, whereby astronauts must accept a nonnegligible risk to their lives with each launch. A space elevator becomes a bridge to the entire solar system. Release a payload in the lower portion, and you orbit Earth, but do so in the upper portion, and you orbit the sun; all without fuel.
建造太空电梯的理由有很多。一个显而易见的理由是太空电梯能节省大量的能源和成本;这是一种比火箭更实用的进入轨道的方式。另一个经常被忽视的原因是易访问性。"太空任务"一词将被"运送"所取代,那时太空旅行会成为惯例,而且基本上不受天气状况的影响。载人航天将比目前的做法更安全,因为宇航员在每次火箭发射时都必须承担不可忽视的生命风险。太空电梯成为通往整个太阳系的桥梁。在较低的部分释放有效载荷,你就会绕着地球转,但在较高的部分释放有效载荷,你就会绕着太阳转;且是在全部没有燃料的情况下。
Although I may come across as a space elevator advocate, the truth is, I simply enjoy studying their mechanics. In a world with monumental problems, dreaming of such projects allows me to envision a scenario where we have become responsible custodians on this planet.
虽然我可能被认为是太空电梯的拥护者,但事实是,我只是喜欢研究它们的运作方式。在这个有着巨大问题的世界里,梦想着这样的项目让我能够想象这样一个场景:我们成为这个星球上负责任的守护者。
今日单词 sci-fi /ˈsaɪ faɪ/ n. 科幻小说(或影片等)(=science fiction); dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 不予考虑;摒弃;对…不屑一提; aerospace /ˈeroʊspeɪs/ n. 航空航天工业,航空航天技术;航空与航天空间; cable /ˈkeɪb(ə)l/ n. 电缆;钢缆,缆绳; stretch /stretʃ/ vi. 伸展;延伸;持续; tinker /ˈtɪŋkər/ vi.(徒劳地或马虎地)小修补; overlook /ˌoʊvərˈlʊk/ vt. 忽略;未注意到; accessibility /əkˌsesəˈbɪləti/ n.(地方)易于进入性,(物品)易于接近性;易使用性,可及性; transit /ˈtrænzɪt/ n. 运输,运送;<美>交通运输系统;通过,经过; whereby /werˈbaɪ/ conj. 凭此,借以;由于; nonnegligible /ˈnoʊnˈneɡlɪdʒəbl/ adj. 不可忽视的; payload /ˈpeɪloʊd/ n.(飞机、船只的)有效载荷,有酬负载; orbit /ˈɔːrbɪt/ vt. 沿轨道运行;围绕……运动; come across 偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;给人……印象; mechanics /məˈkænɪks/ n. 机械学,力学;机制,运作方式; monumental /ˌmɑːnjuˈment(ə)l/ adj. 重要的;意义深远的;不朽的; 非常大(或好、坏、蠢等)的; envision /ɪnˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ vt. 展望;想象; scenario /səˈnærioʊ/ n. 设想,可能发生的情况 ;(电影、戏剧等的)剧情梗概;(艺术或文学作品中的)场景; custodian /kʌˈstoʊdiən/ n. 管理人;监护人;保管人;
素材来源
文本选自:Scientific American(科学美国人)
作者:Stephen Cohen
原文发布时间:29 Nov. 2022
每日美句
Man proposes, God disposes.
谋事在人,成事在天。