美国网友问为什么俄罗斯没有动用全部力量来结束乌克兰战争？

　　在俄乌战争刚刚爆发的时候，俄罗斯对乌克兰的军队进行了碾压式的打击，军事专家判断乌军坚持不了3个月就会投降。如今俄乌战争已经持续十三个月了，很多人觉得哪里不对劲，俄罗斯军队普遍被认为是世界第二强大的军队，甚至有人吹嘘它  可以在一周之内横扫整个欧洲大陆。任谁都不会想到俄罗斯会打的如此拉垮！  在美版知乎上，有网友问：＂为什么俄罗斯没有动用其军队的全部力量来结束乌克兰战争？＂这个问题引来众多网友的热议，我们来看看他们怎么说。
　　为什么俄罗斯没有动用其军队的全部力量来结束乌克兰战争？
　　网友 安德鲁·考克斯的回答
　　What if what we have seen IS all the Russian army can do? If it is all they are capable of?Sound military doctrine from time immemorial dictates that an attacker use overwhelming force to achieve their objectives if at all possible.
　　如果我们所看到的是俄罗斯军队所能做的呢？如果这是他们的全部能力？自古以来的健全军事学说规定，如果可能的话，攻击者必须使用压倒性的武力来实现他们的目标。
　　It is estimated that more than 90% of Russias fighting strength has been deployed and fought in in Ukraine. It is just that they are a bunch of incompetent ill disciplined and untrained brutes rather than soldiers.
　　据估计，俄罗斯90%以上的战斗力量已经在乌克兰部署和作战。只是他们是一群无能、纪律不严、未经训练的野蛮人，而不是士兵。
　　What if what we are seeing is the maximum combat power Russia can exert while keeping it＂s border defenses in place? Russia has more men but it also has some immense borders many of which border nations that wouldn＂t mind carving off a piece.
　　如果我们看到的是俄罗斯在保持边境防御的同时所能发挥的最大战斗力，该怎么办？俄罗斯有很多人口，但它也有一些巨大的边界线——其中许多边界国家不介意分割一块。
　　Russia has reduced its troops on the NATO borders to 20%.If they had also thrown that 20% into the meat grinder in Ukraine, they would be one step closer to collapse.
　　俄罗斯已将其在北约边境的驻军减少到20%。如果他们也把这20%投入乌克兰的绞肉机，他们将离崩溃又近了一步。
　　网友 特纳卡·弗瑞的回答
　　Because it hasn’t got the T-34’s out of storage yet.
　　因为他们还没有把T-34（被誉为＂传奇坦克＂）从仓库中取出。
　　The core issue is logistics.They can only move so much fuel and so much ammunition to their forces in Ukraine due to the limits of the railroads and the trucks that provide the last hundred miles. So they have instead thrown their army piecemeal into the fray. With predictable results — they are being mauled. They are making incremental advances around Bakmut by concentrating as many forces that they can supply into one location, but at enormous costs for little gain.
　　核心问题是后勤。由于最后一百英里的铁路和卡车的限制，他们只能向驻乌克兰部队运送这么多燃料和弹药。因此，他们反而将自己的军队零零碎碎地投入到战斗中。有了可预测的结果，他们正在遭受重创。他们通过将尽可能多的兵力集中到一个地点，在巴克穆特周围取得了渐进的进展，但付出了巨大的代价，收效甚微。
　　Putin has many enemies. He has invaded all neighboring countries and needs to keep an army close by in case renewed wars of independence. He is a dictator and needs to worry about other ambitious men. Finally there always the risk of public protest getting out of hand. He has lost most of his best soldiers by spliting them up to support poorly trained conscripts. He has no more reseves and must extend concription - that will not be popular.
　　普京有很多敌人。他入侵了所有邻国，需要将军队留在附近，以防重新爆发独立战争。他是一个独裁者，需要担心其他野心勃勃的人。最后，公众抗议总是有失控的风险。他失去了大部分最优秀的士兵，因为他们将他们分开以支持训练有素的应征入伍者。他没有更多的怨言，必须延长认罪范围——那不会受欢迎。
　　The most important reason is the Russian law. It prevents mobilization of the whole army unless Russia is under attack and fighting defensive war. Due the fact Russian law prohibits declaration of offensive war, the offensive war is officially ＂a special operation＂.
　　最重要的原因是俄罗斯法律。它阻止了全军的动员，除非俄罗斯受到攻击和进行防御战争。由于俄罗斯法律禁止宣战，进攻性战争正式成为＂特别行动＂。
　　Putin has to ensure majority of Russians, the ethnic Russians, are content. Due this the war has been double genocide mass murdering ethnic minorities of Russia forcibly volunteered to this war. The conscription of a small percentage of reserve causes outrage and tens of thousands of Russian men fled the country to avoid getting conscripted.
　　普京必须确保大多数俄罗斯人，即俄罗斯族人，感到满意。由于这场战争已经双重种族灭绝大规模屠杀了俄罗斯少数民族，被迫自愿参加这场战争。征召一小部分预备役人员引起了愤怒，成千上万的俄罗斯男子逃离该国以避免被征召入伍。
　　Russian military is so corrupt all it has is men. It quite likely does not have proper equipment for those men. This has been proven during this conflict. The soldiers sent to the Ukraine were ill-equipped and their supplies had expired as the military leaders has embezzled the resupply money .
　　俄罗斯军队如此腐败，它所拥有的只是男人。它很可能没有适合这些人的装备。这在这场冲突中得到了证明。被派往乌克兰的士兵装备简陋，他们的补给已经过期，因为军方领导人挪用了补给资金。
　　Russia cannot leave its other borders unprotected. Only border which Putin saw as safe to demilitarize was Finnish border. The intelligence reports has proven almost all troops assigned to Finnish border has been destroyed in Ukraine. Russia does not have same luxury on Southern and Eastern border, as the border clashes between China and Russia has been constant regardless the alliance status. China would gladly liberate Siberia if Russia withdraws its military from its border.
　　俄罗斯不能让其他边界不受保护。普京认为唯一安全的非军事化边界是芬兰边境。情报报告证明，几乎所有派往芬兰边境的部队都在乌克兰被摧毁。俄罗斯在南部和东部边境没有同样的奢侈，因为无论联盟地位如何，中国和俄罗斯之间的边界冲突一直持续存在。如果俄罗斯从边境撤军，中国将很乐意解放西伯利亚。
　　网友 迈克·张章的回答
　　The Russians have been playing it cool in Ukraine.They started the war with modern Russian equipment. Massive feints and other things that served no purpose.
　　俄罗斯人在乌克兰一直很酷。他们用现代俄罗斯装备开始了战争。大规模的佯攻和其他毫无用处的事情。
　　Now that they lost massive amounts of it＂s modern military equipment and soldiers they are going to bring in the t54/55 tanks from the 1950s to fight in Ukraine.This is a clever way to use surplus outdated tanks without recycling the obsolete equipment. Putins a genius and will send his troops in to die with the old tanks so the Ukrainians will be forced to clean up the mess.
　　现在他们损失了大量的现代军事装备和士兵，他们将从 54 年代引进 55/1950 坦克在乌克兰作战。这是一种聪明的方法，可以在不回收过时设备的情况下使用多余的过时坦克。普京是个天才，将派他的部队与旧坦克一起死去，这样乌克兰人将被迫收拾烂摊子。
　　网友 罗兰的回答
　　British and US intelligence estimates that between 80-97% of the Russian Army is in Ukraine, and they＂re still unable to defeat Ukraine.Pre-war, the Russian Army was 280,000 men. Roughly 200,000 went into Ukraine. Since then Russia has drafted another 300,000 conscripts and they＂re still getting nowhere.
　　英国和美国情报部门估计，80-97% 的俄罗斯军队在乌克兰，他们仍然无法击败乌克兰。战前，俄罗斯军队为28万人。大约有20万人进入乌克兰。从那以后，俄罗斯又征召了30万名应征入伍者，但他们仍然一无所获。
　　Organizational incompetency , corruption and a lack of skills in combined arms warfare has severely handicapped the Russian military. It has taken the Russians about a year to realize their shortcomings. They still cannot marshal enough logistics to launch a well coordinated offensive that will collapse the Ukrainian front-line at key points.
　　组织无能、腐败和缺乏联合武器战技能严重阻碍了俄罗斯军队的发展。俄罗斯人花了大约一年的时间才意识到他们的缺点。他们仍然无法调集足够的后勤力量来发动协调良好的攻势，从而在关键时刻摧毁乌克兰前线。
　　Because Russia wants a long war of attrition.Russia has a long history of being better at fighting long wars than the countries of Europe because it has the resources to drag a war out while Europeans do not have the depth of resources and public support to win a war of attrition.Russia wins long wars.Napoleon and Hitler learned that lesson the hard way.
　　因为俄罗斯想要一场长期的消耗战。俄罗斯比欧洲国家更擅长打长期战争的历史由来已久，因为它有资源来拖延战争，而欧洲人没有深度的资源和公众支持来赢得消耗战。俄罗斯赢得了长期战争。拿破仑和希特勒惨痛地吸取了这一教训。
　　网友 让·多的回答
　　Most Western and Ukrainian mass media have been saying over the past year that Russia is losing badly; Russia almost ran out of missiles, tanks and ammo; Putin has at least 3 types of cancer; and Russia will soon collapse because of the looming revolution.
　　在过去的一年里，大多数西方和乌克兰大众媒体一直在说俄罗斯损失惨重;俄罗斯几乎用完了导弹、坦克和弹药;普京至少有 3 种癌症;而俄罗斯很快就会因为迫在眉睫的革命而崩溃。这些信息会让大多数乌克兰人认为存在某种糟糕的交易，腐败的政客决定在获胜前退出战争。
　　The West will get tired. Since Russia views the ongoing war as a conflict between the NATO and Russia, it is interested in creating the refugee problem for the EU. The longer the war continues the more the EU has to spend on Ukrainian refugees. Excessive spending is expected to make the Europeans unhappy and tired and ultimately discontinue support of Ukraine. Likewise, more and more Americans (especially Republicans) grow unhappy with supporting Ukraine. If the war continues for another 5 years, they would likely make the war a political fault of the Democrats.
　　西方会感到疲惫的。由于俄罗斯将正在进行的战争视为北约和俄罗斯之间的冲突，因此它有兴趣为欧盟制造难民问题。战争持续的时间越长，欧盟在乌克兰难民身上的花费就越多。预计过度支出将使欧洲人感到不满和疲惫，并最终停止对乌克兰的支持。同样，越来越多的美国人（尤其是共和党人）对支持乌克兰感到不满。如果战争再持续5年，他们可能会使战争成为民主党的政治错误。
　　Russia does not want to spread the risk to real confrontation between Russia, NATO, and the United States, so it has always avoided extending the crisis outside Ukraine.The Ukrainian crisis has become a war of attrition, and the Russian side now needs to think more about how to maximize the preservation of existing achievements.The current military strength and weapons of the Russian forces are not sufficient to sustain the strong offensive in Ukraine.
　　俄罗斯方面不想将风险扩散至俄罗斯和北约、美国的真正对抗，因此一直避免将危机扩大到乌克兰境外。乌克兰危机已经成为消耗战，俄方现在更需要思考是，如何最大程度保留现有成果。俄罗斯部队现有军力和武器并不足以维持在乌克兰的强烈攻势。